“敬天”“畏天”审美意识与自然崇拜

Aesthetic Consciousness and Natural Worship of “Respecting Heaven” and “fearing heaven”

中国古代生态美学"敬天""畏天"观念生成于远古之人对自然万物的崇拜意识,形成于原初的"天人合一""神人合一"审美意识。对自然万物的崇拜与敬畏心理是"敬天""畏天"观生成的心理机制。对"人"之外的自然万物的崇拜,必须无条件信仰一个超越的自然之"神"与"天"的存在。有了一个超越的自然之"神"与"天","人"都是其仆人,自然就少了争端。由此,对"人"之外的自然万物的崇拜敬畏增强了遵守"敬天""畏天"观的自律性。中国古代生态美学"敬天""畏天"观在处理"人"与自然的关系中具有一种引导性,必须依赖这种具有绝对律令的敬畏心态。缺乏人格审美化自律,缺乏对"人"之外的自然万物的崇拜敬畏,就会破坏"天人"之间的亲和关系,所以,对"人"之外的自然万物的崇拜敬畏在维护"天人"之间的亲和关系中具有其特殊的意义。

The concepts of"respecting heaven"and"fearing heaven"in ancient China’s ecological aesthetics originated from ancient people’s worship of nature and all things,and from the original aesthetic consciousness of"harmony between man and nature"and"harmony between humanity and nature".Worship and awe of all things in nature are the psychological mechanism of the formation of the concepts of"respecting heaven"and"fearing heaven".Worship of natural things other than"human"must unconditionally believe in the existence of a transcendent"god"and"heaven"of nature.With a transcendent nature of"God"and"Heaven"and"humanity"as their servants,disputes will naturally be reduced.As a result,the worship and reverence for all natural things other than"human"enhances the self-discipline of observing the concepts of"respecting heaven"and"fearing heaven".The ancient Chinese ecological aesthetics"respecting heaven"and"fearing heaven"have a guiding role in dealing with the relationship between"humanity"and nature,and must rely on this kind of awe mentality with absolute laws.Lack of aesthetic self-discipline of personality and lack of worship and reverence for natural things other than"human"will destroy the affinity between"heaven"and"human".Therefore,worship and reverence for natural things other than"human"has special significance in maintaining the affinity between"heaven"and"human".