“天”与“敬天”意识之生态美学意义

The Ecological Aesthetic Significance of “Heaven” and “Respect for Heaven” Consciousness

在素朴"天人一体"审美意识看来,"天"即"天帝",与"人"患难与共,脉脉相通,有如"人"之父母,关涉"人"之生命的生成与生存的审美化、诗意化。"天帝"观形成于原始社会时期。对太阳和"天"的敬畏生成于原始先民的日常生活。在农耕和畜牧生产等活动中,"天地"与"人"之生存休戚与共,风调雨顺,即五谷丰登,六畜兴旺,由此原始先民总是把"天地"当作自己的生命之源。"人"是天地交合的结果。天地万物是"人"的生命之源,"人"与自然间融洽和睦,"天"既要调和阴阳风雨,还要"敬授人时",以利于人类的生产和生活。原始先民的生活和生产必须依赖太阳和"天"的赐予和庇佑,这可以说是"天帝"观的源头。换言之,原始先民的生活为"天帝"意识的生成奠定基础。"敬天""天命"观延续了原始社会形成的敬畏精神与权威品格,但一个更重要的变化则是以天命观为核心的"天"与"人"之间的"授""受"生态关系的产生,这种宗教意识的确立或规定了"天""敬天""天命"观的基本方向。

in the simple aesthetic consciousness of"the unity of man and nature","the heaven"is"the emperor of heaven",sharing weal and woe with"man",which is similar to the parents of"humanity",and related to the generation of"humanity"life in the aesthetic and poetic life.The concept of"heaven emperor"was formed in the primitive society.The awe of the sun and"heaven"was born in the daily life of the primitive people.In farming,animal husbandry and other activities,"heaven and earth"and"human"survival together,the wind and rain,that is,the prosperity of grain,six livestock prosperity,so primitive ancestors always"heaven and earth"as their source of life."human"is the result of the combination of heaven and earth.Everything in the universe is the source of human life.Harmony and harmony between humanity and nature.Heaven should not only reconcile Yin,Yang,wind and rain,but also"respect and teach humanity",so as to benefit human production and life.The life and production of primitive ancestors must depend on the blessing and protection of the sun and"heaven",which can be said to be the source of the concept of"heaven emperor".In other words,the life of primitive ancestors laid the foundation for the formation of the consciousness of"emperor of heaven"."Worship","mandate of heaven"concept for the fear of the primitive society to form spirit and authoritative character,but a more important changes in the destiny view as the core"Heaven"and"grant"between"person","the"ecological relationship,the establishment of the religious consciousness or the provisions of the"Heaven","worship Heavens",the basic direction of the concept of"mandate of heaven".