“敬天”“畏天”原初生态审美意识及其生成

The Original Ecological Aesthetic Consciousness of “Respect for Heaven” and “Fear of Feaven” and Its Generation

上古之人对"天"怀有一种敬畏心理,认为"天"至高无上。这种"敬天""畏天"生态审美意识的形成既与巫术文化相关,也与农业文明,收成的丰歉及"天"的好坏息息相关。商周之人把"天"的权威重点放在"命哲,命吉凶,命历年"等方面,突出了至上神在社会人事方面的特殊作用。以《尚书》为例,"天"的权威在"命哲"方面体现为"罔知天之断命"。而据《尚书·商书·盘庚》记载,商王盘庚就曾以"天命"来劝告臣民要绝对服从迁都的决定,说:"先王有服,恪谨天命。……罔知天之断命……天其永我命于兹新邑。"迁都之事涉及国计民生,围绕这个问题,盘庚用"恪谨天命,受命于天"的誓言,以强制臣民服从。民众终服从,体现了对"天"的崇拜,也体现了"天"的权威性和神圣性。"天"既然至高无上,为主宰世界的至尊至上的神灵,因此中华民族自古以来对"天"就有独特的敬畏之心,并由此形成原初"敬天""畏天"审美心态。

in ancient times,people held a kind of awe for"heaven",believing that"heaven"was"supreme".The formation of ecological aesthetic consciousness of"respecting heaven"and"fearing heaven"is not only related to witchcraft culture,but also to agricultural civilization.The people of shang and zhou put the emphasis on the authority of"heaven"in such aspects as"destiny is wise,destiny is auspicious and ominous,destiny is calendar year",which highlighted the special role of the supreme god in social and human affairs.Take the book of history as an example,the authority of"heaven"is embodied in the aspect of"destiny and philosophy"in the"death without knowing heaven".According to the record of shang book pan geng,king pan geng of shang once advised his subjects to absolutely obey the decision of moving the capital by"mandate of heaven",saying:"first wang youfu,ke jing mandate of heaven.Brother brother of the heaven of the end of life,the heaven of its eternal my life in the new city of z.The move of the capital involved the national economy and people’s livelihood,around this issue,pan geng with the"house the mandate of heaven,ordered by heaven"oath,in order to force the subjects to obey.The ultimate obedience of the public reflects the worship of"heaven",as well as the authority and sanctity of"heaven".Since"heaven"is"supreme"and the supreme god dominating the world,the Chinese nation has had its unique reverence for"heaven"since ancient times,and thus formed the original aesthetic mentality of"respecting heaven"and"fearing heaven".