论《抱朴子·外篇》“逆向”的人物风尚批评观

"Reversing" Criticism of Character and Social Fashion in "Outer Chapters" of Bao Puzi

葛洪的《抱朴子·外篇》涉及政治批评、人物批评、风俗批评和文学批评等诸多内容,其中的人物批评和风俗批评明显呈现出"逆向"于六朝主流思想的特征。六朝主流的人物批评观,重视人物的个性、情感和精神气质,其时的社会风尚也以"越名教而任自然"为显著特征,但是,葛洪却以人物的社会影响及价值作为衡量准的,并以传统儒家的伦理道德标准来评判当时的各种社会风尚,在"逆向"批评中彰显出"崇真""尚实"的批评态度和独立的批评精神。对《抱朴子·外篇》思想的深入分析有助于我们更加全面深入地认识六朝的思想面貌和发展轨迹,同时也可以发现其融社会和人生于创作的中国文艺思想特征。

Ge Hong’s Bao Puzi involves criticism in politics,characters,social customs,literature and so on. Among them,character criticism and genre criticism demonstrate the characteristics that are "contrary"to the dominating thoughts of the Six Dynasties. Character critism in the Six Dynasties lay emphasis on the characteristics,emotion and ethos,the then social fashion was also known for its "transcending the moral doctrine and placing trust in the nature". However,Ge Hong gouges the charactes by their social influence and value;evaluates the various social fashion based on the traditional Confucian moral standards,manifasting his independent critical attitude of "Chong Zhen"and "Shang Shi". A comprehensive analysis of the thoughts of "Outer Chapter " of Bao Puzi can be helpful in learning more deeply the ideological features and developing trajectory of the Six Dynasties,as well as in discovering the characteristics of the Chinese literary and artistic thoughts that are integrated into the society and Chinese Literature.