各擅其美——中外园林之比较

Each Has Its Own Beauty:Comparing Chinese and Foreign Gardens

由于中国和其他国家在历史背景、文化传统、审美趣味等方面的不同,在园林艺术上也风格迥异、各有千秋。总的来说,中外园林在起源、发展过程、造园要素和社会功能等方面有着广泛的相似性,但其差异性更加明显。西方园林重在人工美,给我们的感觉主要是悦目,而中国园林则重在自然美,意在赏心,这是中西园林最大的不同。中国园林偏重于山,水景往往是真实写照,而日本园林则偏重于水,枯山水较多;中国园林是写意的、直观的,重自然、重情感、重想象、重联想,追求"言有尽而意无穷"的韵味;伊斯兰园林则是写实的、理性的、客观的,重图形、重人工、重秩序、重规律,追求的是一种协调有序、精致严整的风格。

Due to the differences in historical background,cultural traditions,China and the non-Chinese countries differiciate in aesthetic tastes and the style of garden art. They share general similarities in terms of origin,developing process,gardening elements and social functions,but the differences are more obvious. Western gardens focus mainly on artificial beauty that pleases the eyes,while Chinese gardens focus on natural beauty that pleases the minds. This is the primary difference between Chinese and Western gardens. As Chinese gardens are more focused with mountains,waterscapes are often true portrayals;while as Japanese gardens are more focused with water,the mountains are usually dry. Chinese garden painting is freehand,intuitive,natural,emotional, imaginative, associative, pursuing the charm of "the endless meaning of words";while Islamic garden painting are realistic,rational,objective, graphical, artificial, orderly, and regular, pursuing a coordinated,delicated and refined style.