巴赫金看待小说叙事外视角和内视角的另一种目光——对复调小说理论的再阐释

Another view of Bakhtin on the external and internal perspectives of narrative——reinterpretation of polyphonic novel theory

复调小说理论的论者,一直以来的关注点主要是复调小说的对话性。其实,这一理论还贯穿着另一个要点:由于复调小说的作者叙事时,转换了自己艺术观照的视角,才得以描绘出一种崭新的人物形象。复调小说理论在小说研究史上,别开洞天的原创性就体现在,巴赫金不仅提出了复调与独白这两个全新小说概念,打开了小说样式划分的一个新维度;而且对小说叙事外视角与内视角这两个原有概念也做出重新理解,开启了叙事视角研究的一个新方向。从新的眼光来看待这两种内外有别的小说叙事视角,这不仅是巴赫金阐发独白与复调小说的区别所在,深入揭示陀思妥耶夫斯基小说艺术革新意义的一个关键着眼点,它也是我们深入把握复调小说理论要义和这一理论与叙事学同异性的一个重要切入点。

Scholars of polyphonic novel theory have been focusing on the dialogism of polyphonic novels.And there is another point of the theory:the author of polyphonic novels depicts a brand-new character image by changing his artistic perspective when narrating.In the history of fiction studies,the originality of polyphonic novel theory is reflected in the new concepts of polyphonic and monologue proposed by Bakhtin,and his reinterpretation of the external and internal perspectives of narrative.The new view of external perspective and internal perspective defines the difference between monologue novel and polyphonic novel in Bakhtin's theory,which is also the key point to reveal the significance of artistic innovation in Dostoyevsky's novels.This is also an important entry point for us to fully grasp the polyphonic novel theory and the similarities between this theory and narratology.