百年海外学者的中国古代诗学声音理论阐释

The Interpretation of the Sound Theory of Chinese Ancient Poetics by Overseas Scholars in One Hundred Years

声音的探寻对于发掘中国诗学根源、理解中华美学精神具有重要意义。百年以来海外学者从跨文化、跨学科角度对中国古代诗学声音理论展开研究,在音乐学、人类学、传播学、美学等领域均有所突破,主要表现在四个方面:声音与仪式的口头文化考察;声音与汉诗韵律结构、诗体研究;声音与意义的修辞论美学;声音与抒情传统的美学研究。从学术史来看,这些成果有不同的研究路径和理论旨趣,欧洲汉学界侧重从人类学、民俗学、美学等角度进行现象学分析和文化阐释,提供了人类学、结构主义范式和美学思考。日本汉学界既有西方学术的印痕,又有中国旧学的特质,其研究多从民俗宗教、语言学、考据学出发,提供了丰富的文献基础和理论支撑。美国汉学家视角更加多元开放,从语言学、文体学、本体论、民俗学、文化诗学及比较阐释等多维角度进行研究。总体而言,这些成果呈现出多样变迁的学术面貌,从最初的文化传播辨异、文本细读走向范畴理论的自觉成熟和文化意义阐释,为中国声音诗学美学理论的当代建构提供了可参照的研究方法和范式。

The exploration of sound is of great significance for exploring the roots of Chinese poetics and understanding Chinese aesthetic spirit.Over the past hundred years,overseas scholars have studied the sound theory of ancient Chinese poetics from a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary perspective,in musicology,anthropology,communication,aesthetics and other fields have made breakthroughs.It is mainly manifested in four aspects:the oral culture investigation of sound and ceremony;research on sound and rhythmic structure and poetic style of Chinese poetry;rhetorical aesthetics of sound and meaning;an aesthetic study of the sound and lyric traditions.In terms of academic history,these results have different research paths and theoretical purports,European sinology focuses on phenomenological analysis and cultural interpretation from the perspectives of anthropology,folklore,aesthetics,etc.It provides anthropological,structuralist paradigms and aesthetic thinking.Japanese sinology has both the imprint of Western scholarship and the characteristics of old Chinese scholarship.Its research mainly starts from folk religion,linguistics and textual research,which provides a rich literature foundation and theoretical support.The perspectives of American sinologists are more diverse and open,from linguistics,stylistics,ontology,folklore,cultural poetics and comparative interpretation and other multi-dimensional perspectives.Overall,these results show a diverse and changing academic landscape,from the initial differentiation of cultural communication and close reading of texts to the conscious maturity of category theory and the interpretation of cultural significance.It provides a reference research method and paradigm for the contemporary construction of Chinese sound poetics aesthetic theory.