以形而上之思解形而上之题——克罗齐艺术独立理论的学理研究

Explaining Metaphysical Questions with Metaphysical Way

克罗齐艺术独立理论的学理渊源,肇始于古希腊的“诗与哲学”之争,正式奠基于康德的美无利害感;正面抗衡于黑格尔的艺术消亡论;意大利的思想运动与“为艺术而艺术”也对克罗齐产生了重大影响。克罗齐艺术独立理论的学理基础,事关黑格尔逻辑理论的对象:相异的概念与相反的概念;黑格尔逻辑理论的目标:从艺术中吸取智慧解决对立面的统一问题;以及两种逻辑理论,即“对立面的综合”“度的理论”;尤其包括黑格尔哲学中的“活东西”与“死东西”:原理与原理的滥用。克罗齐艺术独立理论的学理原点,为直觉与表现。直觉是心灵活动,不是心理活动,即被动的感受,动物本能般的反应。表现以印象为基础、人人都具备几分艺术家的能力、判断直觉与表现真假的标准为能否写出来或画出来、直觉与表现的静穆特征属于古典艺术观。表现是认识活动,选择内容则是意志所为,属于实践活动,表现在先,选择在后。

The theoretical origins of Croce's independent theory of art originated from the debate between“poetry and philosophy”in ancient Greece,and was formally based on Kant's sense of innocence of beauty;it was also formally frustrated by Hegel's theory of the extinction of art;Italian ideological movements and“Art for Art's sake”also had a major influence on Croce.The theoretical basis of Croce's independent theory of art involves the object of Hegel's logical theory:different concepts and opposite concepts;the goal of Hegel's logical theory:to draw wisdom from art to solve the problem of unity of opposites;and two logical theories:the“synthesis of opposites”and“the theory of degrees”;especially the“living things”and“dead things”of Hegel's philosophy:principles and misuse of principles.The theoretical basis of Croce's artistic independence theory is intuition and expression.Intuition is a mental activity,not a mental activity,that is,a passive feeling,an instinctive reaction of an animal.The classical view of art includes—Expression is based on impressions,everyone has the ability to be an artist,the criterion for judging the authenticity of intuition and expression is whether it can be written or painted,and the quiet characteristics of intuition and expression.The expression is the cognitive activity,and the choice of the content is the will,which belongs to the practical activity.Expression comes first,choice comes later.