知觉与思维间的促动:阿恩海姆美育思想研究

The Impetus between Perception and Thinking:A Study of Arnheim’s Aesthetic

美国著名心理学美学家阿恩海姆在继承和发展格式塔心理学的基础上,揭示出人的心灵结构和认知模式即是知觉与思维间的促动,即视知觉在接触事物时就已经把握住事物粗略的结构特征,但这种思维不是独立于知觉的、更高层次的,而是属于知觉的、是知觉直接的思维能力。艺术正是知觉与思维相统一的典型场域,因此,艺术应当被应用于教育中。更进一步,艺术教育应帮助人获得客观知觉和建立客观价值。阿恩海姆对艺术和教育的关注,不仅限于在理论上说明二者间的关系,同时提供了大量具体可行的教学方案和实践案例。他的美育思想在当下仍旧具有生命力。

On the basis of inheriting and developing Gestalt psychology,Arnheim,a famous American Psychological esthetician,reveals that the structure and cognitive mode of human mind is the impetus between perception and thinking,that is,visual perception has grasped the rough structural characteristics of things when it comes into contact with things,but this kind of thinking is not independent of perception and higher level,which belongs to the direct thinking ability of perception and knowledge.Art is the typical field of the unity of perception and thinking,so art should be applied to education.Furthermore,art education should help people acquire objective perception and establish objective value.Arnheim’s attention to art and education is not limited to explaining the relationship between them in theory,but also providing a large number of practical teaching programs and cases.His aesthetic education thought still has vitality at present.