分布式光纤及光纤光栅传感技术在煤矿安全监测中的应用现状及展望

Present situation and prospect of coal mine safety monitoring based on fiber bragg grating and distributed optical fiber sensing technology

目前国内煤矿普遍采取高强度(大采高)的开采现状,伴随着煤矿开采智能化快速发展,对煤矿安全监测也提出了更高的要求。现有的煤矿巷道一般长达几千米,工作面面积更是能达到几平方千米,很难通过人工方式或使用传统的点态传感器来准确、实时地获取如此大面积的监测信息。由于光纤材质具有易于加工、耐磨性高、耐腐蚀性强、绝缘性好、抵抗地下水和电磁干扰能力强等优点,随着近代光学基础理论及光纤通信的发展,各种光学器件的制造成本也在不断降低,将光纤监测技术用于监测领域是发展的必然结果。而且光纤主要成分为二氧化硅,属于本质安全型传感器,特别适合于在煤矿等高危环境下监测。本文系统总结了各类光纤传感技术的基本原理、优缺点和适用条件,重点介绍了采用光纤光栅及分布式光纤传感技术在煤矿安全监测中进行煤矿立井壁变形、采空区地层沉陷变形、采动覆岩变形、巷道安全及稳定性、煤矿瓦斯监测预警等方面的应用现状,展望了分布式光纤监测技术的应用前景。通过对已有文献的分析,获得了如下结论:光纤传感技术能够满足在不同条件下对煤矿安全监测的基本要求,可以在各种恶劣环境下使用。与现有的传统人工监测、点态传感器等常规测试方式和技术相比,光纤监测技术的灵敏度高、监测范围大、能够在时空上进行连续、大范围的分布式监测,在煤矿安全监测中具有极大的优势,拥有较好的应用前景。

At present,domestic coal mines generally adopt the mining status of high intensity(large mining height).With the rapid development of intelligent coal mining,higher requirements are put forward for coal mine safety monitoring.The existing coal mine roadway is generally thousands of meters long,and the working face area can reach several square kilometers.It is difficult to obtain such a large area of monitoring information accurately and in real time by manual means or using traditional point state sensors.Because the optical fiber material has the advantages of easy processing,high wear resistance,strong corrosion resistance,good insulation and strong resistance to groundwater and electromagnetic interference,with the development of modern optical basic theory and optical fiber communication,the manufacturing cost of various optical devices is also decreasing.It is an inevitable result of the development of optical fiber monitoring technology in the field of monitoring.The main component of optical fiber is silica,which is an intrinsically safe sensor,especially suitable for monitoring in high-risk environments such as coal mines.This paper systematically summarizes the basic principles,advantages,disadvantages and applicable conditions of various optical fiber sensing technologies,and focuses on the application status of optical fiber grating and distributed optical fiber sensing technology in coal mine safety monitoring,such as coal mine shaft wall deformation,goaf stratum subsidence deformation,mining overburden deformation,roadway safety and stability,coal mine gas monitoring and early warning,etc,The application prospect of distributed optical fiber monitoring technology is prospected.Through the analysis of the existing literature,the following conclusions are obtained:Optical fiber sensing technology can meet the basic requirements of coal mine safety monitoring under different conditions and can be used in various harsh environments.Compared with existing conventional testing methods and technologies such as traditional manual monitoring and point-state sensor,optical fiber monitoring technology has high sensitivity,large monitoring range,and can carry out continuous and large-scale distributed monitoring in time and space.It has great advantages in coal mine safety monitoring and has a good application prospect.