矿用自卸车新能源技术研究现状与展望

Research of energy-efficient mining truck:current status and perspectives

矿业是我国国民经济的支柱产业,为社会发展提供了关键的矿产资源与能源保障。然而矿业开采过程中面临着能源消耗高、能源利用效率低、排放污染密度大等问题,自然资源部等六部委联合发布《关于加快建设绿色矿山的实施意见》明确指出要研发高效、节能的采矿新装备。矿用自卸车是一种典型的采矿运输装备。开发清洁、高效、节能的矿用自卸车,提高能源利用率、降低运输过程中的碳排放,是绿色矿山建设的关键环节,助力矿业“碳达峰、碳中和”建设。我国新能源汽车经过十余年发展,为上述问题的解决提供了丰富的技术储备。首先分析了矿用自卸车的能源利用效率、污染排放特性、经济性,指出了矿用自卸车发展新能源技术的必要性;在矿用自卸车动力领域,梳理了锂电池、氢燃料电池、天然气发动机、甲醇内燃机等4项替代能源动力技术路径,分析了各替代能源的技术特点;从全球各主要矿业国家政府政策法规、矿用自卸车主要供应商以及主要用户的策略,分析了替代能源技术在矿用自卸车领域的应用现状与研究趋势;此外,在传动与驱动领域,以车端能量高效利用为目标,分析了复合传动技术以及牵引控制技术的特点。研究表明,与应用场景的结合,才能最大程度发挥新能源技术在矿用自卸车领域的作用。

Mining activities provide raw materials and energy for the development of urbanization,thus presented as one of the pillar industries of the national economy.However,the extraction of minerals is confronted with high energy consumption,lower energy efficiency,and a heavy emission burden.The Opinion on Accelerating the Green Mining Construction,issued by the Ministry of Natural Sources and other ministries,points out clearly that developing high-efficiency and energy-saving mining equipment is urgent.Mining trucks are the representative mineral transportation solution.Developing and implementing clean,efficient,and energy-saving mining trucks could promote energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions during mineral transportation,forming a crucial part of the accomplishment of green mining and carbon peak and carbon neutrality.The flourishing development of new energy vehicles in China forms a solid technical foundation for solving the mining trucks problem.In this review,the necessity of developing clean and efficient mining trucks is proposed based on energy efficiency,emission,and economic analysis.Focusing on the power sources of mining trucks,four alternative energy solutions,including battery electric,hydrogen fuel cell,natural gas engine,and methanol engine,are analyzed.Through the thorough review of government policy and regulation,mining truck original equipment manufacturers,and mining truck consumers’strategy,the energy-efficient and environmental-friendly mining truck application and research trends are summarized.On the target of transmission and traction,the hybrid electric powertrain and optimal traction control are examined by counting the onboard energy conversion efficiency.In conclusion,the scenario-based energy supply chain could support carbon neutrality in future mining.