采空区分隔治理在矿井防灭火工程中的作用

Role of goaf separation management in mine fire prevention

采空区火灾具有火源隐蔽、火势难以控制、产生有毒有害气体易侵生产区域、可能引发次生事故等特点。因此,长久以来采空区火灾的防治一直是威胁煤矿安全生产的一大难题。现有的防灭火措施尚不能完全杜绝采空区火灾的发生,灭火效率也有待提升,现有措施均是在不改变采空区内部结构状态的前提下实施的。为进一步提升矿井预防采空区火灾能力、提高采空区灭火效率,我们以完全紊流下的摩擦阻力定律为理论基础,增加采空区漏风通道风阻为手段,降低采空区漏风量为直接目标,破坏采空区遗煤自燃条件为最终目的,提出了“采空区分隔治理”理念。“采空区分隔治理”理念独辟蹊径,创造性的通过改变采空区内部结构状态,在采空区中构建分隔墙作为“挡风墙”,增加漏风通道风阻。因分隔墙的存在,采空区被分隔为多个相对独立区域,同时起到提高采空区灭火效率、限制采空区火灾发展、缓解采空区内气体异常涌出等积极作用。此外,为验证“采空区分隔治理”理念的可实施性,我们列举了气(水)幕分隔、水封分隔、固体构筑物分隔,共3种分隔方式,对比其优缺点划分其各自的适用条件,分析了不同情况下分隔墙的布置原则,结合现有成熟的采空区公路设计与施工技术,详细介绍了采空区固体分隔墙施工工艺。

The prevention and control of fire in the goaf has long been a major problem threatening coal mine safety production as fire in the goaf is characterized by hidden fire source,difficult fire control,creating harmful gases and may cause secondary accidents.Besides,the existing fire prevention measures re implemented under the premise of without changing the internal structure state of the goaf,can not completely prevent the occurrence of fire in the goaf,and the fire fighting efficiency also needs to be improved.In this case,in order to further improve the ability of preventing fire in the goaf and fire extinguishing efficiency of coal mine,We put forward the concept of“goaf separation management”based on he law of frictional resistance under complete turbulence.The concept of“goaf separation management”creatively changes the internal structure state of the goaf,and constructs the partition wall as the"windshield wall"in the goaf to increase the wind resistance of the air leakage channel.Due to the existence of the partition wall,the goaf is separated into several relatively independent areas,which also plays a positive role in improving the fire fighting efficiency,limiting the fire development,and alleviating the abnormal gas emission in the goaf.In addition,in order to analyze the implementation of"goaf separation management"concept,we listed the gas(water)curtain separation,water seal separation,solid structures,a total of three kinds of separation way,with their advantages,disadvantages and applicable conditions,analyzed the layout principle of partition,introduces the goaf solid partition wall construction process combing with the mature of goaf highway design and construction technology.