基于光纤传感技术的智能矿山无人化巡检系统研究

Research on intelligent unmanned inspection system of mine based on optical fiber sensing technology

智能矿山建设主要目标是实现矿井作业少人化乃至无人化,当前,煤矿智能化建设主要方向集中在设备远程集中控制、提高智能化开采、研发智能化掘进、推广固定岗位无人值守、降低辅助运输装备安全风险、开发特定作业任务机器人、整合矿企生产经营管理平台等方面。由于地面人员对井下环境感知覆盖度较低,采用增加传感器的方式全面提升监测范围成本高难度大,所以井下巷道巡检仍需人工完成,缺乏有效替代产品和技术,严重制约智能矿山建设进程。针对上述问题,提出以光纤微振感知技术全面巡检井下巷道的理论,设定巷道巡检场景。由于光纤传感测量距离远、灵敏度高、寿命长,成本低、不用电、无火花、防辐射、耐高低温、耐高压电、耐强磁场等优良特性,利用分布式光纤微振感知技术,无需对现场光纤做任何调整和改造,解调光纤晶格产生的瑞利背向回波振动能量差,即可得到该点的振动频率,经过系列算法实现现场的声音还原。结果表明:利用光纤传感技术设计的设备运行状态感知、巷道安全监测预警、煤矿救援定位、事故溯源分析等应用场景具有很强的实用价值,可以有效解决智能矿山的无人化巡检问题。

Intelligent mine construction main goal is to realize the humanization and even unmanned mining less,at present,the coal mine main direction is focused on the intelligent construction equipment remote centralized control,improve the intellectualized mining,developing intelligent driving and promoting fixed position unattended,reduce the risk of auxiliary transportation equipment safety and development specific task robot,integrated mining company production and operation management platform,et al.Due to the low perception coverage of underground environment by ground personnel,it is difficult to comprehensively improve the monitoring range by adding sensors,so the inspection of underground roadway still needs to be completed manually,and there is a lack of effective alternative products and technologies,which seriously restricts the construction process of intelligent mine.In view of the above problems,the theory of comprehensive inspection of underground roadway by optical fiber micro-vibration sensing technology is proposed,and the inspection scene of roadway is set up.Due to the optical fiber sensing measurement distance,high sensitivity,long life,low cost,no electricity and no spark,radiation protection,high and low temperature resistance,resistance to high voltage,strong magnetic field and other fine features,using distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology,without fiber do any adjustment and reform on the spot,demodulation of fiber optic lattice Rayleigh back echo vibration energy difference,can get that point of the vibration frequency,Through a series of algorithms to achieve on-site sound restoration.The results show that the application scenarios designed by using optical fiber sensing technology,such as equipment operation state perception,roadway safety monitoring and early warning,coal mine rescue positioning,accident tracing analysis and so on,have strong practical value,and can effectively solve the unmanned inspecton problem of intelligent mines.