基于层次分析法的矿区生态修复效益评价体系与应用

Evaluation system and application of ecological restoration benefit in mining area based on AHP

矿区生态修复是改善生态环境质量的重要手段。近年来,矿山生态修复蓬勃发展,但违背自然规律的形式主义时有发生,究其原因是生态环境修复缺少相应的修复效益评价方法和体系,对其修复后成效进行综合有效的评估。根据相关文献和矿区实地调研,结合矿区生态修复效益的特点,构建矿区生态修复效益的评价体系。该体系包括生态效益、经济效益和社会效益3个维度、6个准则和18个指标。采用层次分析法(AHP)来确定共27个指标的权重。根据权重比重排名,前5个指标依次为有机物含量、土壤含水量、土壤侵蚀率、地表水质量和农业占地比例。以鸡西市鸡冠区煤矿沉陷区的生态修复项目为例,针对其进行了生态修复效益评价。鸡西市鸡冠区采煤沉陷区体生态修复后,矿区生态系统结构得到较好恢复,矿区生态系统改善良好,对周边环境产生积极的正面影响;对区域经济效益产生了较好的正面影响,社会效益较好。

Ecological restoration in mining areas is an important means to improve the quality of ecological environment.In recent years,mine ecological restoration has been booming,but formalism that violates the law of nature occurs from time to time.According to the relevant literature and field investigation of mining areas,combined with the characteristics of ecological restoration benefits of mining areas,this paper constructs the evaluation system of ecological restoration benefits of mining areas.The system includes three dimensions of ecological,economic and social benefits,six criteria and 18 indicators.The analytic Hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the weights of a total of 27 indicators.According to the weight proportion ranking,the top five indicators were organic matter content,soil water content,soil erosion rate,surface water quality and agricultural land area proportion.This paper takes the ecological restoration project of the subsidence area of the coal mine in Jiguan District of Jixi City as an example,and evaluates the ecological restoration benefits.After the ecological restoration of the mining subsiding area in Jiguan District,Jixi City,the ecosystem structure of the mining area recovered well.The ecosystem in the mining area is well improved,which has a positive impact on the surrounding environment.Regional economic benefits have a good positive impact;the social benefit is better after repair.