我国煤炭行业高质量发展现状、问题与对策

The current situation, probl ems, and countermeasures for high-quality development of the Chinese coal industry

统筹发展与安全,推进煤炭清洁高效利用,是推动我国煤炭产业转型升级、优化能源结构、实现“双碳”目标的重要手段。阐述了煤炭行业高质量发展的内涵和战略意义;系统分析了2010年以来煤炭生产和消费领域的政策文本,并识别出煤炭行业在鼓励兼并重组(2010—2015年)、化解过剩产能(2016—2020年)、注重安全保供(2021年至今)3大阶段的发展特征;针对我国现阶段煤炭行业高质量发展面临煤炭大省产业单一、人才结构性过剩与短缺并存、地方煤企产业转型动力不足等问题进行深入分析;最后从优化产煤地区产业结构、完善煤企人才管理方案、激发煤炭企业转型活力3个方面提出加快煤炭行业高质量发展的对策建议。

Planning development and safety,and promoting clean and efficient utilization of coal,are important means to promote our coal industry transformation and upgrading,optimize energy structure,and achieve the“dual carbon”goal.This paper expounds on the connotation and strategic significance of the high-quality development of the coal industry.It systematically analyzes the policy texts in the field of coal production and consumption since 2010 and identifies the development characteristics of the coal industry in three stages:encouraging merger and reorganization(2010—2015),resolving excess capacity(2016—2020),and focusing on safety and supply protection(2021—present).Aiming at the high-quality development of the coal industry in the current stage,we are facing the single industry of coal province,the coexistence of structural surplus and shortage of talents,and insufficient transformation power of local coal enterprises.Finally,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to accelerate the high-quality development of the coal industry from three aspects:optimizing the industrial structure of coal-producing areas,improving the talent management scheme of coal enterprises,and stimulating the transformation vitality of coal enterprises.