兼顾公平和效率原则的我国电力市场碳配额分配方案

Carbon emission quotas allocation scheme in China’s electric power industry based on the principle of equity and efficiency

我国电力行业一直存在严重的碳排放问题,并被率先纳入全国统一的碳排放权交易市场。由于区域经济发展的不平衡性和能源结构的多样性,一个合理的电力行业碳配额分配方案应兼顾公平和效率两个原则。建立了综合碳排放指标体系,通过熵权法对指标权重进行计算,并运用聚类分析将排放特征相似的省级行政区分成3类,每个类别及其中的地区根据加权投票选择最适合自身排放特征的分配方案。研究结果显示,在构成综合碳排放指标体系的4个指标中,减排责任的权重最大,其次是减排能力、减排转移和减排潜力。类别1、类别2和类别3分别选择以国内生产总值(GDP)、历史排放量和人口为原则的碳排放配额分配方案作为最优方案。

China′s electric power industry has always had a serious carbon emissions problem,so it is the first to be included in the national unified carbon emissions trading market.Due to the unbalanced development of regional economy and the great diversity of energy structure,the reasonable carbon emission permits allocation scheme in electric power industry should consider both equity and efficiency.This paper establishes a comprehensive carbon emission index with four indicators and three basic allocation schemes.The entropy method is used to determine the weights of indicators and the cluster analysis is applied to classify the regions with similar emission characteristics.Each class chooses the optimal allocation scheme according to the weighted voting rights,and then each province in the class determines the quota according to its own voting rights in the corresponding allocation scheme.The conclusions of this study are:Among the four indicators composing the comprehensive carbon emission index,the emission reduction responsibility has the greatest impact,followed by capacity,transfer and potential.Class 1,Class 2 and Class 3 take the carbon emission quotas allocation scheme based on GDP,historical emissions and population as their optimal scheme respectively.