优势视角下高校特殊群体学生工作介入策略研究

Research on the Intervention Strategies of College Students’ Work for Special Groups from the Perspective of Advantage

高校特殊群体学生面临着生存、相互关系和成长发展等三类传统困境,而且高校针对特殊群体学生开展的介入策略存在问题模式、标签化、污名化、父权主义、片面化等不足。对于特殊群体面临的困境和学生工作介入策略的不足,应从优势视角寻找出路。优势视角介入学生工作应具有人在情境中、助人自助、学生自决、聚焦优势、人人都有抗逆力、赋权增能等理念。遵循这些理念,应采取有效的介入策略:明确优势视角下特殊群体学生工作的目的,为学生提供充满希望的环境,建立有效的助人关系,评估和发掘优势与资源,培育学生抗逆力,综合利用不同的工作方法。

The special groups in colleges and universities are faced with three traditional dilemmas,such as survival,mutual relationship and growth and development.The intervention strategies developed by colleges and universities for special groups of students have some shortcomings,such as problem mode,labelling,stigmatization,patriarchy and one-sidedness.For the predicament faced by special groups and the inadequacy of student work intervention strategies,we should look for solutions from the perspectives of advantages,that is to construct the concept of"people in situation""helping others to help themselves""students’self-determination""focusing on advantages""everyone has the ability to resist adversity"and"empowerment".In accordance with these ideas,effective intervention strategies should be adopted:to clarify the purpose of students’work for special groups from the perspective of advantages,to provide students with a hopeful environment,to establish an effective helping relationship,to evaluate and explore advantages and resources,to cultivate students’resilience,and to make comprehensive use of different working methods.