从香火戏到赞神歌——近代太湖渔民仪式文艺的嬗变

The Transformation of Ritual Art in Taihu Lake in Modern Times

香火戏普遍流行于洪泽湖、微山湖两地渔民的日常生活中。清代后期江南地区受太平天国运动影响,人口锐减,加上北方黄河泛滥,水灾连年,大量苏北渔民沿大运河迁入太湖流域,带来了香火戏。古代吴地巫风盛行,在太湖流域形成了较多的仪式剧与劝善类讲唱,它们广受江南土著的青睐。南北渔民的混居,使得江南地区的神歌取代了北方香火戏的"唐六本",形成了近代太湖渔民独特的香火戏变种——赞神歌。对太湖渔民的赞神歌源流、曲艺变迁、仪式文本等进行多角度解析,是进一步研究太湖流域渔民文艺的重要途径,借此可一窥南北水上居民文化的融合与冲突。

Xianghuo Opera has been popular in the daily life of fishermen in Hongze Lake and Weishan Lake.In the late Qing Dynasty,due to the influence of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement,the population of Jiangnan decreased sharply.In addition,the Yellow River overflowed in the North,causing a large number of fishermen in Northern Jiangsu migrating to Taihu Lake Basin along the Grand Canal.These two factors lead to the emergence of Xianghuo Opera there.However,in ancient Wu area,witchcraft was popular,and many ritual dramas and sermon songs were formed there and were widely favored by the indigenous people.As the result of the mixed residence of the northern and the southern fishermen,Ode to Gods in Jiangnan replaced the"Tang Liuben"of the northern Xianghuo Opera,forming a unique variation of Xianghuo Opera of modern Taihu Lake fishermen—Hymn to the Gods.The multi-angle analysis of the origin of the Hymn to the Gods,the changes in local folk art,and the ritual lyrics,is an important way to further study the art of fishermen in Taihu Lake Basin,through which we can have a glimpse of the cultural integration and conflict between the northern and the southern fishermen.