近代河北方言的文字化尝试——晚清方言民俗教材《汉语入门》底本考论

An Attempt at Characterization of the Hebei Dialect in Modern Times:Research of the Reference Books of the Late Qing Dynasty Dialectal Folklore Textbook Rudiments of Speaking Chinese

近年来,晚清耶稣会教材《汉语入门》因其突出的河北方言特征为我国学者所重视,陆续从语言学、语法学和文学语体等角度研究该作,却未曾彻底考察其中文底本,难以剖窥其蕴藏的民间性内在价值。通过文字化方言的逆向考证,可断定该作由耶稣会士戴遂良(Léon Wieger,1856-1933)与当地文人合作,真实记录了直隶东南教区的民间话语和习俗,具有鲜明的风俗志特征,并使用法文和河北方言翻译了晚清民间流行的劝善训诫类通俗读物,实为近代河北方言文字化的最早实践。这部富有民间性的西人教科书蕴含着深厚的中国民间文化基础,连接了中国民间、天主教会与西方学界,在洞悉其全部底本之后,值得我们从不同角度继续深入研究。

In recent years,Chinese scholars have paid attention to the late Qing Jesuit Rudiments of Speaking Chinese(Rudiments de parler chinois)because of its prominent Hebei dialect,and have studied the work from the perspectives of linguistics,grammar and literary style.However,without a thorough examination of the Chinese texts,it is difficult to dissect the intrinsic value of its folkloricity.Through a reverse test of the written dialect,I conclude that the author of Rudiments of Speaking Chinese recorded local folk discourse and customs with the help of local literati,and the work has distinctive ethnographic characteristics.This highly folkloric Western textbook has a deep foundation in Chinese folk culture,linking Chinese folk society,the Catholic Church and Western academic circles.After gaining insight into all its references,it is worth continuing to delve into it from different angles.