从“表演”到“实践”?——西蒙·布朗纳的“实践理论”批评

From “Performance” to “Practice”? A Critical Analysis of Simon Bronner’s “Practice Theory”

为了满足数码时代民俗学再定位的需求,西蒙·布朗纳提倡以"实践理论"来取代"表演理论"。他的"实践"的概念指的是应用"传统"进行社会控制与表达的行为;其"实践理论"的研究重点是阐释这一"传统"(作为一种认知资源、结构与动机)的深层心理机制。这一研究方法既偏离了"实践理论"的宗旨,又抹煞了"表演理论"的潜力。事实上,在哈贝马斯的"交往行为理论"与罗蒂的"新实用主义理论"的启发下,表演理论的伦理学意义与实践论价值可以被很好地开发出来。

In order to meet the needs of the reorientation of Folkloristics in the digital age,Simon J.Bronner advocates replacing"performance theory"with"practice theory".His concept of"practice"refers to the behavior of social control and expression by applying"tradition".The focus of his"practice theory"is to explain the deep psychological mechanism of"tradition"(as a cognitive resource,structure and motivation).This research method not only deviates from the purpose of"practice theory",but also obliterates the potential of"performance theory".In fact,inspired by Habermas\communicative behavior theory and Rorty\s new pragmatism theory,the ethical significance and practical value of performance theory can be well developed.