“鄯善郡尉”新释及鄯善附汉后的“比郡属国”制

A New Definition of“Shanshan Junwei(郡尉)”and the System of“Bijun Shuguo(比郡属国)”after Shanshan Had Attached to the Han Dynasty

封泥“鄯善郡尉”,见于1906年尼雅出土之佉卢文木牍,因其官印篆字,历来为学界所重。但百余年来,于其印文释“郡尉”“都尉”之争,不绝于耳;对该印断代,亦是众说纷纭,迄今未安。封泥印文构形,客观存在,最为可靠,以形为本,依形究形,释“郡尉”无疑。公元124年鄯善归附汉朝,时值安帝推行“比郡属国”制,实施属国、郡部双重官制,“鄯善郡尉”乃鄯善郡官都尉之印。其为鄯善地方治印官铸刻,印文参篆仿隶,具有明显的地域特色和时代特征。该印施行不久,旋即被废,后至晋代,用于佉卢文书封缄之花押。

The lute“Shanshan Junwei(郡尉)”,found in the kharosthi wooden tablets unearthed by Niya in 1906,has been highly regarded by academics because of its a official seal with Zhuan(篆)characters.But for more than a hundred years,the contention about seal interpretation between“Junwei(郡尉)”and“Duwei(都尉)”is going on.There have been widely differing opinions about the dynasty of seal,so far not determined.The characters structure of lute is objective existence.Therefore it is reliable.On the basis of form it is no doubt that the lute can be interpreted as“Junwei(郡尉)”In 124 AD,Shanshan was subordinated to the Han Dynasty.In the period,Emperor An implemented the system of“Bijun Shuguo(比郡属国)”,which is a dual government system of vassal state and county.So“Shanshan Junwei(郡尉)”is the seal of shanshan Duwei(都尉).It was made and engraved by the local seal administration officer in Shanshan.And the seal characters are copied from the Zhuan(篆)and Li(隶),which has obvious regional characteristics and the characteristics of the times.The seal was abolished soon after it implemented.After to the Jin dynasty,the seal was used as signature on the lutes of kharosthi documents.