徐州一带“■汤”中“■”的本字考

Etymological Character Analysis on the Word“Sha(■)”in“Sha soup(■汤)”around Xuzhou

徐州“■汤”中“■”系坊间俗字。“■汤”之前曾写作“糁汤”,不过“糁”并非“■”的本字。文章使用方言考本字方法考证出“■”本字为“■”。“■”是“碎麦”之义,这与“■汤”制作时必须加入麦仁相吻合。“■”,中古假开二生母平声字,属于开口“知二庄”组字,徐州话本应读sa,不过今徐州方言读sa,这与徐州市区方言“知二庄”开口字正在由平舌音向翘舌音演变有关。在此基础上,文章还对“■”本字是“啥”“■”“蛇”观点的不可靠性分别进行了分析。

“Sha(■)”is a popular word in“Sha soup(■汤)”around Xuzhou.“Sha soup(■汤)”was written as“sha soup(糁汤)”before,but“Sha(糁)"is not the etymo-logical character of“Sha(■)”Then through etymological character analysis of dia-lects,it is proved that the etymological character of“Sha(■)”is“Sha(■)”.“Sha(■)”is the meaning of“broken wheat",which is consistent with the fact that wheat kernel must be added when making“Sha soup(■汤)”.“Sha(■)”,which is the“Jia-she kaikou second-class Sheng-initial character with the flat voice(假开二生母平声字)in middle Chinese sounds",belongs to the character of“Kaikou Zhi-er-zhuang group(开口知二庄)”.And the character“Sha(■)”should have been pronounced[sa]in Xuzhou dialect,but now it is pronounced[ga]in Xuzhou dialect.This is related to the:evolution of the“Kaikou Zhi-er-zhuang group”characters from flat tongue sound to rolling tongue sound in Xuzhou urban dialect.Based on the above,the paper also ana-lyzes the unreliability of views that the etymological character of“Sha(■)”is“Sha.(啥)”,“Sa(■)”or“She(蛇)”