论随文注释的系统研究法——以《毛诗故训传》为例

A Systematic Research Methodology towards Explanations in the Context:Taking Maoshi Guxun Zhuan(《毛诗故训传》)as an example

训诂材料主要有随文注释、训诂专书和考据三种类型。与训诂专书相比,随文注释依托于具体的语境,并且出于不同的训释任务,呈现出散乱的外在特点。但事实上,将随文注释的训释材料类聚起来,便会发现其隐藏着的系统性。本文以《毛诗故训传》为例,通过系统研究法的具体操作,将随文注释的材料进行系联,并借助系联后所形成的各种关系的对比,建立起随文注释的基本训释体例和特殊体例。在基本体例的参照下,重新审视特殊训释,可以看到有些词义训释并非沟通词义的共性,而是揭示词义的特点。从训释目的看,这批训释也并非为了解决语言障碍,而是或补充文意,或突显语境特有的语言信息。这正是从系统角度对随文注释加以研究的优势所在。

There are three categories of textual forms of antient Chinese exegeses:explanations in the context,compilated explanations and textual criticism by evi-dences.Comparing with compilated explanations,explanations in the context presents a scattered way since they are based on specific contexts and orient to different tasks.In fact,however,cluster analysis on explanations in the context can reveal the hidden systematicness.In this article we use a systematic research methodology to analyse explanation cases in Maoshi Guxun Zhruan(《毛诗故训传》),to be more specific,we in-terrelate explanations in contexts to classify their relationships,after which the basic explaining rules and exceptional rules can be abstracted.A reexamination of specific explanations with reference to the basic explaining rules proves that some explana-tions are not making connections of lexical meanings but revealing the semantic fea-tures of words.Therefore,these explanations are aimed at supplementing or emphasiz-ing specific contextual information rather than solving the difficulties in reading,which exactly shows the superiority of systematic research methodology on explana-tions in the context.