“支微入鱼”补正

Additional Evidences on Zhiweiruyu

"支微入鱼"指中古的止摄三等韵读如遇摄三等韵。它不仅出现在止摄合口三等韵中,也存在止摄开口三等韵中。止摄开口三等韵也有读如遇摄一等韵的情况。因而"支微入鱼"不是以合口为条件。"支微入鱼"的现象集中在舌齿音和喉音字上,唇音字很少有这种现象。止摄开口字读如遇摄字的现象主要分布在今闽语、赣语、客家话中,且这种现象至少在宋代就已存在。上古的鱼部字与之部字读同是"支微入鱼"产生的原因之一。由于上古的鱼部字与之部字读同,后世的各地方言就存在"支微入鱼"和"鱼入支微"两种类型。补正"支微入鱼",需与"鱼入支微"加以区别,谨慎对待。

Zhiweiruyu means that the vowel of Zhizhizhiwei is the same as that of Yuyu.It not only exists in the third class characters of Zhishe’s Hekou,but also exists in the third class characters of Zhishe’s Kaikou.Also,the vowel of Zhishe’s kaikou in the third class characters is the same as that of Yushe’s in the first class characters.So Zhiweiruyu isn’t conditioned on Hekou.The phenomenon of Zhiweiruyu is concentrated on the apico-dental and guttural initials,while the labial initials is rare.This phenomenon exists in Min,Gan and Hakka dialects.And this phenomenon existed at least in the Song Dynasty.The vowel of Yubu’s characters was the same as that of Zhibu’s characters,which was one of the reasons for the emergence of Zhiweiruyu.Since Yubu characters and Zhibu characters were the same vowel,there were two types of dialects in the later generations.One is Zhiweiruyu,and the other is Yuruzhiwei.It is necessary to distinguish between Zhiweiruyu and Yuruzhiwei.Caution should be taken when additional evidence is provided to support this phenomenon.