语言学思想家段玉裁及《六书音均表》书谱

Duan Yucai:A Thinker of Linguistics and His Writing of Liushu Yinyunbiao

此文的亮点有三:第一,首创之举:尊段玉裁为中国语言学思想家。立论基于其《六书音均表》,这本专著富含独创的思想,而且自成一完整而严密的体系,表明中国学者具有高度的"抽象""分类"和创建理论的能力,《六书音均表》应定性为中国语言学思想史上的前无古人后乏来者的大制作。而时人和后人对此缺乏认识,虽近代文化名人梁启超、王国维亦不能免。"中国语言学思想史""语言学思想家段玉裁",此二者学界多年来未之或省,今一旦抉发,借用戴震《六书音均表序》语,"岂非稽古大快事欤"?此为音韵学学科体系建构的一桩大事。第二,首创之作曰"书谱"。无论中外,经典/名著的创作/编纂的历史,纵有记录/撰述,绝大多数语焉不详。段玉裁的《六书音均表》是汉语古音学的经典性著作,此文首创"书谱"形式以表段玉裁《六书音均表》撰作的历时过程。人之编年纪事谓之"年谱",仿此,书之编年纪事则可谓之"书谱"。人之"年谱"创自宋代,自古迄今,在中华大地上生存过和正生存的人累计当以百亿计,而自著或他人为之著年谱者仅约万人。而应为之撰书谱的著作更是凤毛麟角,《六书音均表》即是。第三,提倡以"全球史观"观照、评骘中国语言学史:十八世纪,中国语言学在理论思维、思想建设,形成体系等方面处于世界语言学的最前列。

The paper mainly discusses three issues:First,the initiative:to honor Duan Yucai as a Chinese linguistics thinker.This monograph is rich in original ideas and has a complete and rigorous system of its own,which shows that Chinese scholars have ability of abstraction,classification and theory creation.The book should be regarded as an unprecedented work in the history of Chinese linguistic thought.The lack of understanding of the people and later generations,although modern cultural celebrities Liang Qichao,Wang Guoweican not be exempt."The history of Chinese linguistic thought"and"Duan Yucai,a linguistic thinker",which have not been thoroughly understood by the academic circles for many years,will become a great event for the construction of the discipline system of phonology.Second,the first work said"chronicle of books".The history of the creation/compilation of classics,both at home and abroad,is mostly vague,even though it is recorded.Duan Yucai’s Liushu Yinyunbiao is a classical work of Chinese ancient phonetics.This article is the first to use the form of"chronicle of books"to record the diachronic process of writing Liushu Yinyunbiaoby Duan Yucai.The chronicle of people is called"年谱",and the chronicle of books is called"书谱".The"chronology"of people was created in the Song Dynasty.Since ancient times,tens of millions of people have lived and are still living in China,while only about ten thousand people have written the chronology by themselves or others.And because of the composition of the book is very rare works,Liushu Yinyunbiao is.Thirdly,it is advocated to view and evaluate the history of Chinese linguistics with a"global view of history":in the 18 th century,Chinese linguistics was at the forefront of the world linguistics in terms of theoretical thinking,ideological construction and system formation.