论沈兼士对章太炎词源学研究的继承与发展

Shen Jianshi’s Inheritance and Development of Zhang Taiyan’s Etymology

在中国语言文字学史上,章太炎先生既是传统词源学的集大成者,又是现代科学的汉语词源学的开创者和奠基人,他一方面批判地继承清代"右文说""音近义通"等传统词源学理论主张与研究方法,一方面受到西方历史比较语言学的启发,在词源学理论、方法和实践等方面均取得了大量的创新与突破。在章门弟子中,沈兼士在继承与发展章太炎先生词源学研究方面具有代表性,他继承章太炎先生丰厚的词源学理论、方法与实践成果,努力提升汉语词源学研究的理论化、科学化水平,推阐出了"语根论""右文说""声训论"等理论性和可操作性更强、系统更丰赡而严密、条理更细密的词源学理论,采用了更为先进、稳妥的研究方法,获得了更加真确的词源系联实践成果,有力推动词源学研究向新阶段的转型,成为现代词源学研究史上重要的里程碑。

In the history of the Chinese language philology,Zhang Taiyan is not only a master of traditional etymology,but also a pioneer and founder of modern Chinese etymology.On the one hand,he critically inherited the traditional etymological theories and research methods such as"右文说"and"音近义通"in the Qing dynasty;on the other hand,he was inspired by western historical comparative linguistics.So he made a lot of innovations and breakthroughs in etymological theories,methods and practices.Among Zhang’s students,Shen Jianshi is the outstanding representative of inheriting and developing Zhang Taiyan’s etymology.He inherited Zhang Taiyan’s achievements of theory,method and practice about the etymology,promote the scientific level of Chinese etymology research,to develop the theory of"语根论""右文说""声训论",adopted more advanced and reliable research method,to obtain a more correct practice achievement,promoted etymology research to a new stage,became an important milestone in the study of modern etymology.