摘要
1906年章太炎东渡日本后,先后完成考察方言本字的《新方言》(1907—1909)和考求文献本字的《小学答问》(1909),此后,章太炎逐步形成了追根溯源的学术追求,完善和明确编纂体例,以二十三部、二十一纽的古音系统为纲,以初文、准初文为起点,以孳乳、变易为基本条例,以前期的考据为基础,着手撰写同源词研究的专著《文始》。1911年初,《文始》最终写定。1911年6月起,《文始》在《学林》"名言部"连载,仅刊载《文始叙例》及卷一歌部、泰部后即停刊。1913年,章太炎《文始》手稿经钱玄同、龚宝铨等浙江弟子之助,以浙江图书馆为名,由康宝忠在上海石印出版。1915年,由康宝忠等弟子校勘的右文社本《章氏丛书》出版,其中收录的《文始》,以手稿石印本为底本排印,惜多改用今字,另有排印错误。1919年,由章太炎女婿龚宝铨、章太炎兄长章箴等人负责的浙江图书馆本《章氏丛书》出版,其中收录的《文始》,以右文社本为底本,并校改了一些讹误,校勘较为精审。这一版本,也是后来通行最广、影响最大的《文始》版本。
Zhang Taiyan arrived in Japan in 1906.Later,he completed Xin Fangyan and Xiaoxue Dawen,and gradually turned to the study of etymology,started to write Wenshi.It was till the beginning of 1911 when Wenshi was finally written.Since June 1911,Wenshi was serialized in Xuelinjournals.In 1913,with the help of Qian Xuantong,Gong Baoquan,Zhang Taiyan’s Wenshi manuscript was published in Shanghai by Kang Baozhong in the name of Zhejiang Library.In 1915,Wenshi was published as a kind of Zhangshi Congshu series by Youwen Press,which was collated by Kang Baozhong.However,there were some typographical errors and Zhang was not satisfied about this series.In 1919,Wenshi was published again,this time,it was a kind of Zhangshi Congshu series by Zhejiang Library,which was collated by Zhang Taiyan’s brothers,Zhang Zhen.The 1919 version is also the most popular and influential version of Wenshi.
