《说文》之部字异等谐声考察四则

Four Cases of Heterogeneous Division of Phonetic Compounds Series in Shuowen's Zhi(之)Rhyme

在研究上古等第情况时,之前学者多是将中古《切韵》系韵书的等直接倒推给上古,这种做法的合理性有待讨论;还有的学者认为等列对谐声影响不大,我们认为事实并非如此。本文以《说文》所收的4个之部谐声系列为例,讨论了"异等谐声"的形成过程,从中可以看出造成形声字与其声符中古异等的原因是复杂的。有的形声字在造字时与声符等第本来相同,由于后来发生历史音变,所以中古等第有差异;有的形声字和声符在方言中等第相同,但韵书未能收录方言读音,也可能产生形声字与其声符等第不同的现象。

In the study of the divsions of antient Chinese,most scholars,in their previous studies,often directly drew the divsions of the middle Chinese to the case in the ancient times,but the rationality of this practice remains to be discussed;some scholars believe that the divisions has little effect on the phonetic compounds series,which we doubt the conclusion.In this paper,the four Zhi(之)Rhyme phonetic compounds series included by Shuowen are taken as an example to discuss the formation process of"heterogeneous phonetic compounds".It can be seen that division inconsistency between phonetic compound and its phonetic complement in middle Chinese is due to complicated reasons.Some phonetic compounds used to correspond to its phonetic complement’s division,but due to the historical phonetic changes,there appeared a difference in the order between middle and ancient times.Some phonetic compounds have the same division as their phonetic complement in the dialect,but rhyme dictionary in middle times failed to collect those dialect pronunciations,causing another possibility of division inconsistency between a phonetic compound and its phonetic complement.