故事的思想史研究——重点讨论河北中部和南部故事中的神崇拜与道德观

On the History of Popular Mentality of God’s Worship and Morality Mainly Based on the Folktales Collected from Central and Southern Hebei Province of China

如何看待中国人的神崇拜与道德观?这是中西学术交流中争议较大的问题,也是一个需要重点讨论的问题。以往主要用西方概念和西方宗教学的方法进行讨论,不符合中国实际。实际上,中国是与西方完全不同的非宗教国家。中国在儒学支配下,同时在儒释道综合构建的道德观系统中,创造了与西方宗教世界完全不同的灿烂历史文明。中国人也有次宗教的神崇拜,但这种次宗教低于道德观体系,不能对道德观体系提出任何问题。中西方有两种十分不同的思想文化体系,不能用西方框架套用中国社会文化的研究。从前在这方面的有限研究,只关注中国上层经典,这也远远不够,还是要注意使用中下层思想资料,如来自民众、藏量丰富的中国故事,这是西方人接近中国人的神崇拜和道德观的直接思想资源,也可能是最重要的思想资源。作者是西方学界最早使用权威中国故事资料(以河北中部和南部故事为主)讨论这个问题的美国汉学家,本文体现了作者通过研究所构建的中国道德观话语体系,包括:神人合作思想、妖怪学、神人关系与社会分层、神人互动与阶级关系、社区宗教仪式与集体文化遗产等。

This is big issuer that how to recognize the popular mentality especially on the aspect of god worship and morality of China,and controversial topics between China and the West in the scholarly history which needs to be focused on.Why is there a difference?because it has been discussed by using western concept and the method of western religion study even in both China and the West.In fact,China is a unreligious country in which the dominant ideology has been Confucianism,absorbing the Buddhism and Daoism.This is the ideology that created a splendid well-known Chinese historical civilization which is completely different from the western religious world.Of course there is also a god worship in China,but this at most sub-religion lower than the morality system and can not contribute much ideas to the popular mentality.There are two very different ideological and cultural systems in China and the West,and,and the study of Chinese social culture can not be dogmatically instructed by the western theory.Another,the limited research in the past in this aspect is mostly concerned with the Chinese classics which is not enough,but also to pay attention to materials collected from local and lower society such as huge folktales narrited by common people so as to approach the real resource,maybe the most important thought resource directly preserve the ideas of god worship and morality from the Chinese common people.The author is the first western scholar among the American sinologist who makes use of those authoritative folktales of China(mainly came from the central and southern Hebei)todiscussthisissuei.nthispaper he constructed the Chinese morality discourse system by making using of several basic but almost the most important ideas including the thought of cooperation between gods and people,the demonology,the relationship between the gods,people and its social stratification,and the interaction and class struggle between them,and the collective ceremony and cultural heritage in the communities,etc.