段玉裁《二名不徧讳说》中的理必语法

The Logical Grammar of Erming Bu Pianhui Shuo by Duan Yucai

段玉裁和顾千里在《礼记·曲礼》"二名不偏讳"中是"偏"还是"徧(遍)"的问题上创造了有清一代学术史上的一大公案,显示出皖派"理必"和吴派"存古"之间的巨大分歧。本文即据段、顾"二名不偏/徧讳"之争,考察段氏在"理必思想"指导下进行的语法分析(故曰"理必语法")以及顾氏在"存古思想"驱使下从事的语法分析(故曰"存古语法")。二者因语法分析目的之不同(用语言文字组构规则之法证明古籍用词之异VS.用存古思想保有版本之原貌),其训释方式、方法和结论亦判然有别:段氏之理必语法极具科学属性及跨时代学术特色,而顾氏之存古语法则反映出他的古本意识及其保存古代文化的求实精神。

There was a famous academic controversy about Erming Bu Pianhui(forbidding the mentioning of both characters of a two-character name)in the same text between Duan Yucai and Gu Qianli,exhibiting a critical difference in academic approaches between logical certainty and textual originality.According to the argument between Duan and Gu,this paper examines the grammatical analyses in Duan’s logical grammar and Gu’s textual grammar,showing that the purpose,the methods as well as the results are different in that Duan’s analysis earns some scientific properties even from a modern perspective while Gu’s analysis gains some value for textual authenticity and cultural originality.