试论抗战时期中国民间传说研究的方法

On the Research Methods of Chinese Legends during the Anti-Japanese War

抗战期间,学者和文艺工作者在不同的政治环境和学术理念下,对民间传说进行了迥异于前期的搜集和研究工作。搜集方面,出现了有计划、有组织的搜集:解放区将传说视为革命宣传的工具,侧重传说的文学性质;国统区将传说视为少数民族生活的组成部分,偏向传说的生活属性。研究方面,既有以传统考据为主的传说研究和借鉴文化人类学理论与方法从事的研究,也有将传统考据与人类学、社会学等多种学科方法结合起来的综合研究。

Between Anti-Japanese War and Literation War,scholars and cultural workers with different political environments and academic concepts conducted a very different collection and study of the legends.In terms of collection,there was systematic and organized collection.In the Liberated Area,the legend was seen as a tool of revolutionary propaganda,focusing on the literary nature of legends.In Kuomintangcontrolled Area,Considering the legend as an integral part of the ethnic life,preferring to the life attributes of the legends.In the aspect of research,there were both the traditional textual study,learning from theories and methods of cultural anthropology,and the comprehensive research combining the traditional textual research with many disciplinary methods such as anthropology and sociology.