运行与节限:戴震古音学的哲学理念

Operation and Iimitation:Dai Zhen’s Philosophy of Classical Phonology

通过关联戴震主要哲学理念与主要古音学理念,文章认为:戴震古音学理念显然是他哲学理念的实践。戴震是回归古代儒学的典范,他的哲学思想来源于中国古典哲学,以其哲学理念研究其古音学,其音学研究存在的有关疑惑可得解疑的新思路,从而他体大思精、极具特色的古音学思想主张,可以得到提纲挈领的把握和深切的理解。其音学主要著作《转语二十章》及《声类表》,是以静态的音系结构潜在地提示动态的语音转变规律、途径。为了从原理上说明语转规律和途径,他极其详尽地分析语音条理并以哲学理念结构新的框架,形成"古今音系",以共时的结构关系解释历时的变化。作为乾嘉之学的领袖,戴震对乾嘉学术乃至现代的语言学影响巨大。长期以来,主流一直认为传统语言学没有或缺乏理论,文章提出戴震音学实受到其哲学思想的系统指导,可对这一认识做出回应。

By connecting Dai Zhen’s main philosophy idea with his main classical phonology idea,this paper puts forward that Dai Zhen’s ancient phonology idea is obviously the practice of his philosophy idea.Dai Zhen is a model of returning to ancient Confucianism.His philosophical thoughts originate from Chinese classical philosophy.He studies classical phonology with his philosophical ideas,and new ideas of solving doubts can be found in the study of classical phonology.In this way,his grand scale,precise thinking and distinctive ideas of classical phonetics can be grasped and deeply understood.Dai Zhen’s major works on classical phonetics,"转语二十章"and"声类表",are potential clues to dynamic laws and approaches of phonetic transformation through static phonological structure.In order to explain the law and approach of phonetic transformation in principle,he analyzed phonetic order in great detail,constructed a new framework with philosophy,formed"ancient and modern phonology"and explained the diachronic changes by synchronic structural relations.As the leader of the study of Qian-Jia,Dai Zhen had a great influence on the study of Qian-Jia and even modern linguistics.As the leader of academic research in Qianlong and Jiaqing Periods,Dai Zhen had a great influence on academic research in Qianlong and Jiaqing Periods and even modern linguistics.For a long time,the mainstream of academic circles has always thought that traditional linguistics has no or lack of theoretical guidance.This paper proposes that Dai Zhen’s classical phonology idea is guided by his philosophical thoughts systematically,which can respond to this understanding.