乾嘉之学的理论发明(一)——段玉裁《说文解字注》语言文字学理论阐微

The Theoretical Discoveries by Qian-Jia Scholars(Ⅰ):A Study of Linguistic and Philological Theory about Annotation of Shuowen Jiezi

文章从当代语言学角度阐释段玉裁《说文解字注》中所蕴涵的深刻学理和理性思维,其中包括:意(signified meaning)与义(meaning of sigifier)的不同,字义(character-meaning)与词义(word meaning)的对立、取意(signifiability)与元义(minimal atomic sememe)的原理、断代字意(chronological form-meaning)与断代字感(chronological form-intuition)的问题、古义(old meaning)与根义(root meaning)的关系、元义素(undividable sememe)与复合义素(compound-sememe)的分别,以及声义同原(sound synbolism)与义隔而通(different-but-connected meanings),等等。文章认为:段玉裁所代表的乾嘉学术包含着可为后世不断开发和汲取的科学思想和方法,是建立汉语语言学不可轻忽的重要源泉。

This paper,from the perspective of contemporary linguistics,explains the profound theory and rational thinking contained in Duan Yucai’s Annotation of Shuowen Jiezi.These include:the difference between signified meaning and meaning of sigifier;the contrasts between character-meaning and word meaning;the principle of signifiability and minimal atomic sememe;the notions of chronological formmeaning and chronological form-intuition;the relationships between old meaning and root meaning;the differences between undividable sememe and multi-sememe;the sound synbolism and different-but-connected meanings,etc.The article holds that the Qian-Jia scholarship represented by Duan Yucai contains scientific thoughts and methods that can be discovered continuously and beneficial for later generations,which are all valuable sources for theory-building capacity in linguistic research and related fields.