规则与有效——论哈贝马斯言语行为的规范性

Rule and Validity: On the Norms of Habermas’s Speech Acts

在20世纪西方哲学发展过程中,语言转向使得语言问题成为哲学的核心问题。哈贝马斯在此背景下提出以语言为媒介的交往行为理论试图解决现实异化问题。其交往行为理论的基础在于规范语用学,即注重言语在使用过程中的规范性的学说。而哈贝马斯规范语用学的研究离不开对作为其领域的重要支柱的言语行为的规范性研究。哈贝马斯言语行为规范性的研究需要从其规范语用学入手,并建立在对前人语言哲学中规范性理论和言语行为理论的批判性继承的基础之上,即通过对规范性来源及语言哲学中规范性内涵的探索以深入研究哈贝马斯言语行为的双重规范性——规则规范性和有效规范性。

In the development of Western philosophy in the 20 th century, the linguistic turn made the language problem the focal topic of philosophy. In this context, Habermasproposed the theory of communicative action using language as a tool to try to solve theproblem of alienation in reality. The foundation of his the theory of communicative actionlies in normative pragmatics, which emphasizes the norm in use of speech. But the study ofHabermas’ normative pragmatics is inseparable from the normative study of speech acts asan important pillar of its field. The study of the norm of Habermas’s speech acts needs to bestarted from his normative pragmatics, and it is based on the critical inherits of the normative theories and speech acts theories in predecessors’ philosophy of language, that is,based on the exploration of normative sources and normative connotations in the philosophy of language to study the dual norm of Habermas’ speech acts—normativity and validity.