马克思的“突围”——重思他对古典经济学思想图景和演变脉络的理解

The “Breakout”of Karl Marx——Rethinking His Understanding of the Picture of Thought and Sequence of Evolution of Classical Economics

《资本论》的核心问题是在对资本的探究中如何完成对古典经济学的"突围"和超越。按照马克思著述提供的线索,本文对古典经济学的思想图景和演变脉络进行了清理,依次探究了"古典政治经济学"的演变与功过、"庸俗经济学"何以"庸俗化"以及德国历史学派经济学的理论困境,最后反思了过去学界对马克思与古典经济学之间关系的理解,认为古典经济学为马克思展开政治经济学研究提供了背景、议题和参照,经济学家们基于时代问题和国情状况而生发的思考,为他在《资本论》中的"突围"和超越提供了资源。从这个意义上说,没有古典经济学也就没有马克思的政治经济学。

The essential question of The Capital is how to breakout of and transcend classical economics in investigating capital.Following the clue of Marx’s work,this essay makes the picture of thought of classical economics clear and sorts up the sequence of evolution of classical economics,explores the evolution process of“classical political economics”both its success and failure,the reason why“vulgar economics”is vulgar,and the theoretical dilemma of the economics of the school of German history,and reflects the relationship between Marx and political economics defined by the past Chinese scholars.This essay points out that,classical economics provided the background,subject matter and reference system to Marx’s study of political economy.The thoughts and viewpoints raised by political economists constitute the resources for Marx’s“breaking out”of and transcendence of political economics,Marx cannot finish his political economics without classical economics.