迷信西方的历史浮沉与认知剖析

The Rise and Fall of Superstitions on the West:A Historical Examination and Analytical Insight

在西方实力优势与文化渗透持续存在的情况下,主体的认知变化是导致对西方迷信消长起伏的关键。甲午战争之后形成了西方体制能够救亡图存、维护人权、体用不可分割的认知,使中国对西方的迷信逐渐形成;五四运动之后,对中国国情与发展道路的科学认识、对西方体制效用价值的重新估定、对中西关系认识的深化,是对西方迷信消退的关键;改革开放初期,在国家发展、人权保障、中西关系问题上再次形成的对西方体制的教条主义认知,使迷信西方出现复燃;之后,随着西方体制普遍有效这一认知偏差的纠正与对中西体用关系认识的深化,全盘照搬西方制度的迷信逐渐消退。但人权评价指标的差异性导致的教条主义认知仍然存在,则使迷信西方转化为信奉“普世价值”的形式。

Under the persistent penetration of Western political and cultural forces,the change of subject recognition is the key to the ebb and flow of superstitions on Western culture.After the Sino-Japanese War in 1894,the perception that the Western system could save the nation,safeguard human rights and make the noumenon and function indivisible was formed,which led to the emergence of superstitions on Western culture.After May 4th Movement,the scientific understanding on China's national conditions and development path,the reassessment of the utility value of the Western path,and the deepening understanding of the relationship between China and the West became the keys for the gradual fading of superstitions on the West.At the beginning of the reform and opening-up period,the doctrinal cognitive bias towards the Western system was formed once again with regard to the issues of national development,human rights protection and Sino-Western relations,so that the superstitions on the West appeared a second time.After then,as the cognitive bias that the Western system was generally effective was corrected and the understanding of the relationship between East and West got deepened,the superstition on wholesale copying of Western system gradually faded.However,the persistence of doctrinal cognition resulting from differences in human rights evaluation indicators has transformed Western superstition into an adherence to“universal values”.