奥地利马克思主义文化思想及其实践

Austrian Marxist Cultural Thought and Its Practice

20世纪二三十年代,资产阶级对无产阶级的剥削从经济领域扩展到文化领域,与资产阶级争夺文化领导权变得日益重要。在这样的时代境遇下,奥地利马克思主义文化思想应运而生,并对当时及后世马克思主义政党深化对无产阶级文化及文化领导权的认识产生重要而深远影响。奥地利马克思主义者通过对资产阶级文化的考察与批判,构建了一个包括文化霸权思想、文化政治化思想等在内的社会主义文化框架,并以此为理论依据进行了一系列社会文化实践,如建立广泛的文化组织与社团组织、保护知识产权与兴办报刊等。一方面,其文化思想与实践在一定程度上有利于无产阶级意识的塑造、工人阶级的团结及无产阶级文化领导权的建立;另一方面,由于其理论的折中性与空想性,其实践效果大打折扣。

In the 1920s and 1930s,the bourgeois exploitation of the proletariat expanded from the economic field to the cultural field,and it became increasingly important to compete with the bourgeoisie for cultural leadership.Under such circumstances,Austrian Marxist cultural thought emerged at the historic moment,and had an important and far-reaching impact on the then and later Marxist parties'deepening understanding of proletarian culture and cultural leadership.Austrian Marxists,through their investigation and criticism of bourgeois culture,constructed a socialist cultural framework including cultural hegemony and cultural politicization,and carried out a series of social and cultural practices based on this theory,such as establishing a wide range of cultural organizations and mass organizations,protecting intellectual property rights and establishing newspapers and periodicals.On the one hand,the cultural thought and practice are beneficial to the shaping of proletarian consciousness,the unity of the working class and the establishment of proletarian cultural leadership to a certain extent.But on the other hand,due to the compromise and visionary nature of his theory,the practical effect is greatly reduced.