马克思恩格斯文化观的基本问题论要

On the Basic Issues of Marx and Engels’Cultural Perspective

马克思恩格斯从文明、文艺、知识水平和受教育程度、意识形态等几个不同维度定义文化,将其本质表示为人类的精神活动及其产品,是对人类客观物质性活动的反映,即“人的本质力量对象化”。文化的演进规律体现为精神生产与物质生产的辩证关系、意识形态对精神生产的异化和文化的多样发展。马克思恩格斯的文化观在性质特征上具有现实性与实践性的根本属性、批判性与论辩性的精神实质、继承性与发展性的鲜明标识。文化的地位作用体现在,它是具有批判性质的物质力量,是解放人和发展人的强大精神武器。马克思恩格斯的文化观紧紧围绕实现人的自由解放与全面发展的价值目标,认为人是文化发展的根本动力,人自身的进步是衡量文化发展的根本尺度。

Marx and Engels defined culture in several different dimensions including civilization,literature and art,as well as level of knowledge,education and ideology.They expressed its essence as human spiritual activities and products,which reflect human objective material activities meaning“human objectification of essential power”.The evolution laws of culture are embodied in the dialectical relationship between spiritual production and material production,the alienation of spiritual production by ideology,and the diverse development of culture.Marx and Engels’cultural perspective has the fundamental attribute of reality and practice,the spiritual essence of criticism and argumentation,and the distinctive sign of inheritance and development in terms of qualitative characteristics.The status and function of culture is reflected in the fact that it is a material force with critical quality and a powerful spiritual weapon to liberate and develop people.The cultural perspective of Marx and Engels closely revolves around the value of realizing people’s free liberation and all-round development,in which human beings are the fundamental driving force of cultural development,and human progress is the fundamental measure of cultural development.