重建最高文化信仰:天命与理性的共产主义革命——兼论人类不自由的根源

Rebuilding the Highest Cultural Belief: The Communist Revolutionabout Destiny and Rationality——On the Origin of Human Unfreedom

最高文化信仰是指对某种文化终极精神的虔诚信念、崇高敬仰和奉行实践。天命信仰是中国传统社会的最高文化信仰,是理性的、具有深厚科学根基和唯物主义传统的国家文化信仰。启蒙运动时期,理性成为启蒙学者极力确立的最高文化信仰。人类和人类社会本身是自然发展一般规律的产物,从进入历史发展过程开始,即进入探寻自然、社会和思维发展一般规律的进程。恩格斯认为"分工的规律就是阶级划分的基础",因此,在自然、社会和人类思维发展的一般规律中,起基础作用的是分工规律,从而揭开了天命与理性的神秘面纱——分工,而分工也是人类不自由的根源。马克思主义通过对天命与理性的彻底批判,实现了天命与理性的共产主义革命,自由成为最高文化信仰。

The highest cultural belief represents the pious conviction,lofty reverence and practice of the ultimate spirit of one specific culture. The belief in one’ s destiny is the highest cultural belief in traditional Chinese society. It is deeply rooted in science and the materialistic tradition. During the Enlightenment Movement, rationality became the highest cultural belief that the scholars endeavored to establish. Human and human society are the product under the general rules of the development of nature. Upon the entering of historical progress,they begin to embark on a journey which seeking the general rules of nature,the thinking of society and man. Engels believed that "the law of division of labor is the foundation of class division". Therefore,among the general rules governing the development of nature,society and man’ s thinking,the one of division of labor has played a fundamental role,thus destiny and rationality are unveiled the mysterious veil—division of labor,which is also the origin of human’ s unfreedom. Through a thorough criticism on destiny and rationality,Marxism has realized a Communist revolution about destiny and rationality with freedom as the highest cultural belief.