闭坑矿山地下水污染防治技术研究现状和展望

Progress and prospect of groundwater pollution control technology for closed mine

为有效应对闭坑矿山导致地下水大面积污染,影响周边环境及正常生产生活等问题,分析了矿山闭坑后矿井水回弹过程及污染形成机理,从污染源、污染通道角度阐述了矿井水污染机理的研究现状,总结了防治技术的研究现状及存在问题,分析了全国不同区域存在污染矿井水的类型,并给出相应处理技术和工艺,提出治理污染矿井水要因地制宜、边处理边进行分级利用。结果表明:闭坑矿山地下水污染源主要是“物理-化学-微生物”共同作用的结果。闭坑前的预防是应对地下水污染最经济且有效的关键阶段,建立闭坑矿山信息管理系统、监测预报系统和开发针对污染矿井水的新型处理材料和技术是今后很长一段时期重要的研究方向。

In order to effectively deal with the large-scale groundwater pollution caused by closure of mines,affecting the surrounding environment and normal production and life,the rebound process and pollution mechanism of mine water after mine closure is introduced,the research status of mine water pollution mechanism is expounds from the perspective of pollution source and pollution channel,and the research status and existing problems of prevention and control technology are summarized.The types,treatment technologies and processes of polluted mine water in different regions of the country are analyzed.It is proposed that the treatment of polluted mine water should adjust the local conditions,meanwhile,the mine water should be classified and utilized.The results show that the pollution source of underground water in closed mines is mainly the result of the combined action of physics,chemistry and microorganism;pre-closure prevention is the most economical and effective key stage to deal with groundwater pollution.Establishment of information management system,monitoring and forecasting system and development of new treatment materials and technologies for polluted mine water are promising research directions.