马克思主义经典作家美育思想论析

An Analysis of Marxist Classic Writers’Thoughts of Aesthetic Education

马克思主义经典作家在对人的感性活动论述中得出,以感性修养获得情感享受,通过人的感觉和感性活动实现人的全部本质,在社会活动中获得合享受性的自我确证,是美育的属性;促进人的感性丰富性、涵养人格情操、实现人的解放是美育使命的题中之义;自然美及其蕴含的环境美、社会美、人的美是美育的主要内容;旅行休闲、艺术(包括艺术作品、艺术史、艺术批评)、劳动实践是美育的主要呈现方式;美育应当包含民族性、时代性、人民性这些基本特性。马克思主义经典作家对资本主义美育的狭隘性做出了深刻分析和批判,同时对未来共产主义美育做出展望。社会主义社会为广大人民群众普遍享有审美发展权奠定了根本政治前提和制度基础,培养德智体美劳全面发展的人真正成为国民教育的使命。

In the discourse on human sensuous activities,Marxist classic writers argue that obtaining emotional enjoyment through sensuous cultivation and realizing one’s essence and mode of existence through human sensations and sensuous activities is an attribute of aesthetic education.Promoting the enrichment of human sensibility,cultivating personal characters and achieving human liberation are the essential missions of aesthetic education.Natural beauty,including environmental beauty,social beauty,and human beauty,constitutes the main content of aesthetic education.Traveling,leisure,art(including artworks,art history,and art criticism),and practical labor are the primary forms of presentation in aesthetic education.Aesthetic education should encompass basic characteristics such as national identity,contemporaneity,and people-orientedness.Marxist classic writers provide profound analysis and criticism of the narrowness of capitalist aesthetic education while also envisioning the future of communist aesthetic education.The socialist society has laid a fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for the universal enjoyment of aesthetic development by the masses.Cultivating individuals with comprehensive development in morality,intelligence,physical fitness,aesthetics,and labor has truly become the mission of national education.