费尔巴哈的感性理论与《巴黎手稿》对它的扬弃——兼论“美的规律”问题

Feuerbach’s Theory of Sensibility and its Abandonment in the Paris Manuscripts——On the“Law of Beauty”

费尔巴哈强调感性相对于理性和思辨哲学的异在性,具有感官性、时空性和爱三个最主要的内涵。不同于传统哲学对感性的贬斥,费尔巴哈用独特的方式论证了感性与类本质的关系,因而强调感性才是真理的真正来源。马克思的《巴黎手稿》有意识地接受了费尔巴哈感性理论的思路,但对于感性本身的内涵,马克思却将其从认识性和直观性的感性代换为感性活动。马克思对费尔巴哈的继承与超越关系构成了深入理解“美的规律”的意义的双重视角——它的提出源自费尔巴哈哲学的逻辑,但它的意义却远超费尔巴哈,具有深刻的社会价值。

Feuerbach emphasized the Anderssein(other-being)of sensibility to reason and speculative philosophy and gave it a triple connotation,namely senses,space-time,and love.In contrast with disdaining attitude towards sensibility from old philosophies,Feuerbach proofed the bond between sensibility and Gattungswesen(species-essence)and its status as the source of truth.Marx’s Paris Manuscripts received consciously Feuerbach’s theory of sensibility,but regarding the connotation of sensibility itself,Marx replaced the cognitive and intuitive character to sensibility with activity.Marx’s inheritance and transcendence of Feuerbach constitute a dual perspective for a deep understanding of the meaning of the“laws of beauty”—its proposal originated from the logic of Feuerbach’s philosophy,but its significance far exceeds that of Feuerbach and has profound social value.