弗·泰·费舍《美学或美的科学》一书摘记

K.Marx:an Excerpt from the Book Aesthetics or Science of Beauty by F.T.Vischer

1857年5—6月间,马克思对德国哲学家和美学家弗·泰·费舍的美学著作所做的摘记,以及摘自其他辞书中有关美学的笔记,通常被学术界称作《美学笔记》。1990年7月,苏联《对话》杂志第10期首次用俄文刊发了《卡尔·马克思:美的要素(弗·泰·费舍<美学或美的科学>一书笔记)》。美的定义(鲍姆加登等对美的界定)、美的基本概念(观念、形象和主观印象)、美的要素(崇高、悲剧、喜剧)、自然美(无机界、有机界)、历史的美(神话)和鉴赏等构成了这部美学笔记的核心。马克思摘记的德语原著,迄今为止尚无汉译,书中的一些独特用语和某些术语,以及马克思摘记时使用的大量简略句式和单个词语,给汉译工作带来一定的难度;再加上《马克思恩格斯全集》历史考证版(MEGA2)目前尚未刊出这部笔记及其考证材料,致使《文艺理论与批评》杂志1994年第2期首发的汉译文存在着不同程度的误译和漏译,以及部分译文含糊不清和难以理解的情况。因此,译者根据俄文并部分地参照费舍的德文原著重新翻译了这部笔记。

The excerpts of Marx’s writings on aesthetics by the German philosopher and aesthetician F.T.Vischer,as well as notes on aesthetics taken from other dictionaries during May-June 1857,are commonly referred to in scholarly circles as“Notes on Aesthetics.”In July 1990,issue No.10 of the Soviet journal дuало■(Dialogue)it was published for the first time in Russian(A.B.Гулыга,Ю.В.Детистов,Mapnc K.MoMeнm npeкpacнo■o:Koнсneкm кнu■u Ф.T.Фuwepa“Эсmеmuкa как наука o npeкpacнoM.”).The definition of beauty(Baumgarten and others define it),the basic concepts of beauty(idea,image and subjective impression),the elements of beauty(sublime,tragic,comic),natural beauty(inorganic and organic world),beauty in history(fantasy)and interests form the core of this aesthetic note.The original German text of Marx’s excerpts has not been translated into Chinese,and the unique terms and certain terminology in the book,as well as the large number of abbreviated sentences and individual words used in Marx’s excerpts,have made the translation difficult;in addition,the historic-critical edition of the Afarx-fngc/s-Gesamtausgabe(MEGA^(2))has not yet published the notes and their examination materials,resulting in some of the mistranslation and omission,as well as the ambiguity and incomprehensibility in different degrees of Chinese translation of the first edition of the Journal of Literary Theory and Criticism,No.2,1994.Therefore,the translator has retranslated the notes from the Russian and partly from Vischer’s original German text.