整体性、异化批判与审美介入——《德国艺术家小说》与马尔库塞美学思想的内在逻辑

Unity,Alienation Criticism,and Aesthetic Intervention——The German Artist Novel and the Internal Logic of Marcuse’s Aesthetic Thought

《德国艺术家小说》作为马尔库塞学术生涯的起点,确立了马尔库塞美学理论的整体构架,预示了其思想发展的逻辑走向,是一篇十分重要的理论文本。但目前学界对这一文本的重视程度不足,对其理论价值的认识也存在一定的偏差和疏漏。面对一战结束后资本主义社会的严重危机,青年马尔库塞开始了对理想化社会的追问。黑格尔美学和卢卡奇《小说理论》对古希腊整体性社会的描述,使马尔库塞开始反思处于分裂时代德国文学艺术的基本面貌。如何解决艺术家与社会的分离所造成的双方各自的异化,并在当代重建古希腊史诗时代的整体性社会,成为马尔库塞理论探索的起点和目标,也标志着其美学思想内在逻辑的初步形成。因此,从理论的生成论视角出发,对《德国艺术家小说》进行系统性考察,可以理清马尔库塞美学思想的起源性问题,探明其最终走向审美乌托邦的内在理路。

As the starting point of Marcuse’s academic career,The German Artist Novel established the overall framework of Marcuse’s aesthetic theory and foreshadowed the logical trend of his ideological development.It is a very important theoretical text.However,at present,the academic circles pay insufficient attention to this text,and there are also certain deviations and omissions in the understanding of its theoretical value.Facing the serious crisis of capitalist society after the end of World War I,young Marcuse began to ask how to build an idealized society.Hegel’s aesthetics and Lukács’description of the unity of ancient Greece in his The Theory of the Novel make Marcuse begin to reflect on German literature and art in the era of division.How to solve the alienation of both sides caused by the separation of artists and society,and rebuild the unity in the era of ancient Greek epic in contemporary times,has become the starting point and goal of Marcuse’s theoretical exploration,and also marks the initial formation of the internal logic of his aesthetic thought.From the perspective of theoretical generation,a systematic examination of The German Artist Novel can clarify the origin of Marcuse’s aesthetic thought and explore its internal path towards aesthetic Utopia.