霍华德·贝克社会学视域下的艺术体制理论

Howard Beck’s Theory of Artistic Institutions in a Sociological Perspective

艺术界(art world)和艺术圈(art circle)这两个概念是美国分析美学家阿瑟·丹托和乔治·迪基界定艺术和艺术性的最重要的概念。虽然它们的内涵存在着较大差异,但都对全新的后现代艺术实践,以及艺术扩容后艺术与日常生活边界的界定做出了不同于以往的辩护和解释。而美国社会学家霍华德·贝克在考察了丹托和迪基的有关艺术体制理论之后,既指出缺乏了社会历史条件作为批判维度的艺术体制理论的固有缺陷,也对什么是艺术、艺术与日常生活的边界在哪里、谁是艺术资格的授予主体、构成艺术体制的要素是哪些等艺术体制理论的基本问题,运用社会学的研究思路和方法进行了深入的探索和批判。

The concepts of art world and art circle are the most important concepts used by American analytical aestheticians Arthur Danto and George Dickie to define art and artistry.Although there are major differences in their connotations,they both defend and explain the new postmodern art practice and the definition of the boundary between art and daily life after the expansion of art differently than before.However,after examining Danto’s and Dickie’s theories about art institutions,American sociologist Howard Beck both points out the inherent defects of art institution theories that lack socio-historical conditions as a critical dimension.At the same time,it also explores and critiques in depth the basic questions of art institution theory,such as what is art,what is the boundary between art and daily life,who is the subject of art qualification,and what are the elements that constitute art institutions,using sociological research ideas and methods.