从规训的感觉到感觉的解放——感觉政治的马克思主义转向及其美学意义

From Disciplined Sensation to Liberation of Sensation--The Marxist Turn of Sensory Politics and Its Aesthetic Significances

自20世纪以来,受福柯理论影响,身体被认为是权力控制、建构下的存在。在感觉政治看来,视觉、听觉,乃至在传统美学中边缘化的嗅觉、味觉、触觉等,无不具有明显的政治含义,但是福柯过于强调感觉被规训的状态,忽视了感觉本身的能动性以及它与政治之间更为复杂的状态。马克思一方面认识到了身体遭受资本主义政治经济权力压制的境况,另一方面又关注到了作为劳动的身体的生产性、创造性潜力。这种思想给感觉政治的发展开启了新的路径。马克思主义者围绕感觉的政治解放潜能问题,着力探讨感觉如何反抗资本主义意识形态的控制,塑造新的身体一主体以建构新的政治秩序,以及建立感觉共同体,从而为社会的解放提供可靠的力量等问题。从规训的感觉到感觉的解放,这一感觉政治的美学转向试图在感觉中重塑美学的力量,意义重大。

Since the 20th century,under the influence of Foucault’s theory,body has been regarded as an existence under the control and construction of power.From the perspective of sensory politics,vision,hearing,and even smell,taste and touch,which are marginalized in traditional aesthetics,all have obvious political implications.However,Foucault lays too much emphasis on the state of sensation being disciplined,while ignored the initiative of sensation itself and its complex relationship with politics.Marx realized that body suffered from the oppression of capitalist politicaI and economic power on the one hand,and paid attention to the productive and creative potential of the body on the other hand.This thought opened a new direction for the development of sensory politics.Marxists explore the potential of sensation for political liberating by focusing on how sensation resists the control of capitalist ideology,shapes a new body-subject to construct a new political order,and constructs a sense community to provide a reliable power for the liberation of society.The transition from disciplined sensation to liberation of sensation shows a great turn to reshape the power of aesthetics.