论鲁迅对西方传统悲剧效果论“净化说”的拒绝

On Lu Xun's Rejection of Western Traditional Tragic Effect Theory of Catharsis

在中国现代化早期的特定历史环境与文化语境下,向来提倡“拿来主义”的鲁迅,在悲剧效果方面并没有谨守西方绳墨,亦步亦趋地接受古希腊传统悲剧所遵守的“净化说”。他根据中国的现实情况对症下药,以自身的悲剧小说创作为药方,期待悲剧能产生实际的现实效果,而非只停留在引起人内心情感波动及宣泄的艺术效果。因此,“净化说”所蕴含的以同情为核心的,对负面情感的宣泄、对恐惧和怜悯情绪的舒缓,这些悲剧效果不仅不在鲁迅悲剧效果的单子上,反而沦为他戏仿与批判的对象。

In the specific historical cultural context of China's early modernization,Lu Xun,who always advocated to adopt Westem thoughts,did not completely accept Western theories of tragic effects,the“Catharsis theory”from the ancient Greek traditional tragedies.He used his own tragic novels as medicine to cure China's practical problems,expecting to have some real effects on social life,rather than only cause emotional fluctuations and catharsis in people's mind.Therefore,the tragic effects of“catharsis theory”such as sympathy,expressing negative emotions and soothing emotions of fear and pity,are not only not on valued by Lu Xun,but parodied and cniticized in his novels.