作为中介的环节:卢卡奇现实主义小说理论

As Mediation:Lukacs's Theory of Realist Novel

卢卡奇提出的现实主义小说理论引发了马克思主义文论内部的讨论,布莱希特、阿多诺等人对其理论持批判的态度,在与卢卡奇的论辩中形成了不可通约的僵局。然而,打破这一僵局关系着对卢卡奇现实主义小说理论的再认识,有助于进一步澄清这一不可通约的症结。为此,本文以卢卡奇现实主义小说理论为研究对象,重返卢卡奇的现实主义小说理论生成的马克思主义的理论语境,从审美反映、历史小说、社会存在三个维度,推演出其理论的基石,即主客辩证统一、历史唯物辩证法及“现实的人”的社会存在,在此基础上得出卢卡奇现实主义小说理论与社会历史的具体实践紧密相连,是马克思主义理论体系中至关重要的中介环节。

The theory of novel in Lukacs's Realism triggers a lot of discussion within Marxist literary circle.Brecht and Adormno are critical of Lukacs's theory,holding an irreconcilable opposing view in the debate with Lukacs.Breaking this antagonistic tension is related to the rethinking of Lukacs's theory of novel.This paper studies Lukacs's theory of novel in Marxist theoretical context in which this theory was developed.It is analyzed from dimensions of aesthetic reflection,historical novel and social existence to declare that its theoretical bases are the authentic subject and object,historical dialectics and the social being of real man.It is further argued that Lukacs's theory of novel,which is closely related to concrete historical praxis of social life,is actually an essential link the system of Marxist theory.