论马克思主义美学史的历史分期

On Periodization of Marxist Aesthetics History

马克思、恩格斯提出涵盖了人类审美规律的诸多美学命题,成为马克思主义美学的“胚胎”。早期马克思主义者开始运用马克思主义基本原理、立场、观点、方法研究文艺现象,完成了文艺领域的专门著述;俄苏马克思主义理论家在文艺领域进一步深化研究的同时,在哲学美学、审美人类学、文艺心理学等领域都取得了开拓性进展,马克思主义美学在20世纪上半叶初步形成。20世纪下半叶,特别是卢卡奇的《审美特性》问世以后,马克思主义美学进入了全面体系化的发展阶段,涌现出大批马克思主义美学家,形成了大量体系化的马克思主义美学专著,提出了一系列马克思主义美学范畴,形成了多种多样的马克思主义美学学派。21世纪马克思主义美学在研究文艺现象的同时,注重对社会现实的解释和人类社会的改造,力求以审美的力量推进人类解放进程。

Marx and Engels proposed a number of aesthetic propositions that related to various aspects of human life,that developed into Marxist aesthetics in the later time.Early Marxists used basic principles,positions,viewpoints and methods of Marxism to analyze literary and artistic phenomena and wrote books on relative topics.Russian and Soviet Marxist theoreticians deepened such research and made groundbreaking progress in fields including philosophical aesthetics,aesthetic anthropology and literary psychology.Marxist aesthetics has been preliminary formed in the first half of the 20th century and developed systematically in the second half of the 20th century,especially after the publication of Lukacs'aesthetic characteristics.The increasing of Marxist aesthetes witnessed a rising wave of systematic Marxist aesthetic books,the proliferation of Marxist aesthetic categories and the birth of various academic schools of Marxist aesthetic.In the 21st century,Marxist aesthetics focuses on the explanation of social reality and transformation as well as keeps studying literary and artistic phenomena,through which it strives to promote the process of human liberation with the power of aesthetics.