启真致善:论蔡仪美育思想的路径与后效

Enlightening Truth to Goodness:On the Path and After-effects of Cai Yi's Thought on Aesthetic Education

蔡仪的美育思想是其新美学体系的重要组成部分,对当今的理论研究和美育实践有着诸多启示和观照意义。他立足于马克思主义认识论、客观典型论和文艺意识形态本质论,将审美活动纳入以审美客体为轴心的理论体系中进行研究。蔡仪将美育界说为美感教育,因此美感教育和美感便具有了谱系同根的亲缘关系,若从蔡仪美感教育的施行机制看,美感源于美的观念的满足,而美育正源自美感的教育作用。由于蔡仪对马克思主义认识论的毕生膺服,其美育思想表现为一种“以美启真”的认识论美育观。同时蔡仪依托文艺意识形态理论,让审美和艺术直接服务于政治革命目的,因而是一种讲求“以美致善”的政治功利主义美育观。两者在“以情唤知-以知带行”的完整逻辑下最终实现了理论内部的关联与自洽。

Cai Yi's thought on aesthetic education is an important part of his new aesthetic system,which has many implications and insights for today's theoretical research and aesthetic education practice.Based on Marxist epistemology,objective typicalism and the essence of literary ideology,his ideas on aesthetic education incorporate aesthetic activities into a theoretical system that takes the aesthetic object as its axis of research.Cai Yi defines aesthetic education as beauty education,so beauty education and aesthetics have a genealogical kinship.If we look at the mechanism of Cai Yi's beauty education,we can see that beauty comes from the satisfaction of the concept of beauty,and the occurrence of beauty education is derived from the educational effect of beauty.Because of Cai Yi's lifelong commitment to Marxist epistemology,his ideas of aesthetic education are expressed as an epistemological view of aesthetic education that“enlightens the truth with beauty”.At the same time,Cai Yi relies on the ideological theory of literature and art to use aesthetics and art as tools for political struggle,directly serving the purpose of political revolution,and thus a political utilitarian view of aesthetic education that seeks to“bring goodness through beauty”.The two theories are ultimately linked and self-referential under the complete logic of“evoking knowledge with emotion-bringing action with knowledge”.